THE TT Mathematics Olympiad (TTMO) contingent left for the UK on Sunday to participate in the 60th anniversary of the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), which will run from July 11 to 22 in Bath, England.
The IMO is one of the most prestigious Olympiads worldwide and is an annual competition which started in 1959. Today, over 100 countries participate by sending its best six mathematical minds, chosen after a series of rigorous testing and elimination rounds.
Students must be under 20. This year’s contingent includes Rajeev Gopeesingh, a sixth form student of Hillview college who participated in the 2018 IMO; Joshua Davis (6th Form) of Bishop Anstey Trinity College East; Rahul Gopeesingh (5th Form) of Presentation College Chaguanas;
Celine Roodal (6th Form) of Lakshmi Girls Hindu College; Alex Adams (6th Form) of St Mary’s College and Justin Llanos, a sixth former of Fatima College.
The team is headed by Dr Indra Haraksingh with the deputy head being Jagdesh Ramnanan. The competition looks deceptively simple as each participant from around the world has to solve three problems within a four-and-a-half-hour period, each day for two days.
These six problems carry seven marks each, so a total score is 42 points. No calculators are allowed and if a participant solves one entire problem only, for seven marks, he is given an honorary mention.
Gold, silver and bronze medals are awarded according to standards set by the IMO. The TTMO has been sending participants to the IMO fairly regularly since 1991. The TTMO is headed by Dr Haraksingh, Lecturer in Physics at UWI, and a Director of the International Mathematical Olympiad Foundation (IMOF), which is a Charity that supports the IMO.
To date, TTMO has brought home two silver and five bronze medals, and has received several Honorary Mentions (HMs). Source: Newsday, July 2019

A pupil of the Grant Memorial Presbyterian Primary School in San Fernando has topped the country at the Secondary Entrance Assessment (SEA) examinations.
The name was kept a closely guarded secret until shortly before 9a.m when Education Minister Anthony Garcia, and Chief Education Officer Harrilal Seecharan arrived in San Fernando.
At 9.48a.m Garcia named Siri Vadlamudi as the top pupil. She will be attending the Naparima Girls High School.
Vadlamudi's parents are from India, and her father is a medical doctor.
The child told reporters she wanted to thank God and her teachers. 
Siri, who said she felt 'okay' after writing the SEA, said she wants to be a doctor.
About 18,849 pupils across Trinidad and Tobago who wrote the Secondary ­Entrance Assessment (SEA) examination will get their much-anticipated ­results today.
Chief Education Officer Harrilal Seecharan also said the top three SEA pupils will be named. All three top schools are from south Trinidad.
On June 17, Education Minister Anthony ­Garcia said the results would be published, and those parents who didn’t wish to have them published could request they be withheld by writing to the ministry.
A small number of ­parents had made the ­request, he said.
In a release yesterday, Garcia cautioned anxious parents: “Your response to your child’s results will dictate your child’s self-esteem and the way they view their results.
“If the child feels as though they have disappointed their parents, that feeling can transcend the results and be transferred into the attitude the child carries into their new school.
“The SEA is a placement examination and will not dictate how a child will perform in the next five years.
“A seed, once nurtured, can bloom and thrive in some of the toughest environments. The nurturing at this time is the support of parents.”
Parents should be able to collect results from 9 a.m. at the respective primary schools after principals collect their school’s packages at the Education District Offices.
Source: Sunday Express, June 28 2019.

Ramgopaul Roop, a 71-year-old farmer from Trinidad continues to inspire others and prove that with hard work and dedication you can realise your dreams.Roop is the owner of Rocrops Agrotec, a smallholder family farm established in 1990 in Trinidad; owned and managed by him and his wife Beena Roop. At the age of 71, Roop graduated on July 5th, 2019 from the Edinburgh Napier University in Scotland with a Master of Science Degree (MSc) with Distinction in Business Management specialising in Human Resource Management.
In addition to this, he is the winner of the University Medal for topping his class. This is a follow-up to his achievement just (3) years ago, back in 2016, where at age 69 he was awarded a Master of Business Administration (MBA), also with Distinction.
Rocrops Agrotec has been a Partner of the Global Water Partnership-Caribbean (GWP-C) for the past eight (8) years. The development of Rocrops Agrotec, has always revolved around an integrated system of agroecology practices to rehabilitate degraded heavy clay soils for horticultural and agricultural production.
Amongst its many activities, on the farm Roop has steered significant promotion of climate-smart agriculture and water management. He works to promote sustainable agricultural techniques and practices with the potential to contribute to rural development and food security of Trinidad and Tobago. Additionally, soil and water management in climate change adaptation is critical to the way in which Rocrops Agrotec is managed.
The farm has been Roop’s family home providing a year-round source of income for the past 30 years. It is an innovative and model farm in the Caribbean. During these 30 years, Rocrops has successfully implemented soil and water adaptation measures to mitigate against the negative impacts of climate change. Source:  Global Water Partnership Caribbean, July 2019.

Nine-year-old Keri Alfred, of Mt. Pleasant, Tobago, is well on her way to becoming an exporter of milk and cheese, and diversifying Tobago's economy.  Watch her here  or copy this URL into your browser https://bit.ly/2xxlR94.
Source: Omardarth Maharaj

NEW YORK (AP) — A former Caribbean soccer official fighting extradition in the FIFA bribery scandal has been ordered to pay $79 million in damages from a related U.S. lawsuit.
U.S. District Judge William Kuntz ordered the default judgment against Jack Warner in the 2017 civil action accusing him of embezzling tens of millions of dollars from the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football. The written ruling was issued in federal court in Brooklyn on Tuesday after Warner failed to contest the claim.
The soccer association "intends to pursue all available avenues to enforce the judgment in any jurisdiction where CONCACAF has reason to believe Mr. Warner may have assets," plaintiff lawyer John Kuster said in a statement Wednesday.
Warner, 76, is a defendant in a sprawling criminal investigation that has resulted in convictions of several top soccer officials. He's out on bail while challenging a U.S. extradition request to Trinidad and Tobago, where he's denied any wrongdoing.
There was no immediate response Wednesday to an email sent to one of his lawyers.
The suit accused Warner and Chuck Blazer, another soccer official who died after it was filed, of negotiating bribes and kickbacks in connection with lucrative broadcasting rights for tournaments including the confederation's Gold Cup championship. Allegations in the suit also mirrored criminal charges saying that Warner, while he and Blazer were members of FIFA's executive committee, took a $10 million payment to influence voting on which country should host the World Cup.
Warner "agreed to provide Blazer with $1 million of the $10 million bribe," according to the suit. "Unsurprisingly, when the FIFA Executive Committee vote was held on May 15, 2004, South Africa was selected over Morocco to host the 2010 World Cup. Warner and Blazer both voted for South Africa."
Blazer's estate agreed earlier this year to pay $20 million in damages in the civil case.
Warner's sons, Daryll and Daryan, pleaded guilty to fraud charges in the criminal case in 2013 as part of a cooperation deal. They're both out on bail with travel restrictions within the U.S. and are awaiting sentencing.
Source: Daily Express, July 10, 2019

​Cabinet has accepted a National Protected Areas Systems Plan, proposing to protect approximately 20,000 square kilometres of protected land and marine space in TT. This is part of the Government’s policy to preserve biodiversity and improve the management of protected areas. This announcement was made at a forest replanting exercise on Corpus Christi last Thursday in Chaguaramas.
A release from the Ministry of Planning and Development said the aim of the plan was to identify areas in TT that were in need of protection so that the biodiversity in forests and other wildlife can thrive.
The new plan proposes the establishment of 136 protected areas. Those include 92 terrestrial and freshwater areas, 79 of which are in Trinidad and 13 in Tobago; 40 coastal and marine areas, 18 in Trinidad and 22 in Tobago; and four deep-sea marine areas. In total, approximately 1,933 sq km – 1,866 sq km in Trinidad and 67 sq km in Tobago – of the country’s land mass is proposed to be land and freshwater protected areas. The proposed coastal and marine protected areas approximate to 580 sq km – 14 sq km in Trinidad and 566 sq km in Tobago. The proposed open-ocean waters and deep-sea marine areas cover 15,600 sq km.
Some of the areas are part of a pilot plan because of their globally important biodiversity and ecosystems which include the Caroni Swamp, the Nariva Swamp and coastal zone, the Matura Forest and coastal zone, the Trinity Hills, the Main Ridge Forest Reserve and the North East Tobago Marine Protected Area.
A number of stakeholders participated in a series of consultations with the Planning Ministry such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Fisheries, Forestry Division; the Institute of Marine Affairs; the Environmental Management Authority (EMA); the Tobago House of Assembly; non-governmental organisations; and local universities. The National Protected Areas Systems Plan is an intervention coming out of the project titled: Improving forest and protected area management in TT, the implementation of which is being co-ordinated by the Planning Ministry and administered by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN (FAO/UN) on behalf of the Government.The project was done over the last four years – from 2015 to 2019 – at a total cost of US$30,510,074. Funding was provided by the TT Government, FAO/UN, the European Union and the Global Environment Fund. More information can be found on the Project Website: www.protectedareastt.org.tt.

Rep­re­sen­ta­tives of Tourism Trinidad Lim­it­ed gath­ered at the Res­i­dence, One Wood­brook Place last Mon­day to ex­tend their good wish­es to the 2019 Na­tion­al Culi­nary Team. The team left Trinidad on Thurs­day to par­tic­i­pate in the Taste of the Caribbean com­pe­ti­tion card­ed for to­mor­row in Mi­a­mi.
Led by Cap­tain Je­re­my Lovell, the team com­pris­es se­nior chefs Shon­elle Greenidge and Ger­ard Cox, ju­nior chef Jo­di Ever­s­ley, pas­try chef Keenan Leza­ma and bar­tender/mixol­o­gist, Isa­iah Trum­pet—all cur­rent­ly en­rolled stu­dents at Trinidad and To­ba­go Hos­pi­tal­i­ty and Tourism In­sti­tute (TTHTI).
"This is the first all-stu­dent na­tion­al culi­nary team that Trinidad has ever sent abroad to the com­pe­ti­tion," said Bri­an Fron­tin, CEO, Trinidad Ho­tels, Restau­rants & Tourism As­so­ci­a­tion (THRTA).
Fron­tin said the de­ci­sion to send an all-stu­dent team came about when they recog­nised that over 95 per cent of all for­mer team mem­bers had grad­u­at­ed from the TTHTI over the past 20 years.
Fron­tin said he sees this as a pi­lot project that will pro­vide the stim­u­lus and jus­ti­fi­ca­tion for Trinidad to host an in­ter-school re­gion­al and in­ter­na­tion­al culi­nary com­pe­ti­tion—a ju­nior ver­sion of the com­pe­ti­tion next year, and in­di­cat­ed that or­gan­is­ers of Taste of the Caribbean in Mi­a­mi have al­ready agreed to hold dis­cus­sions on this pro­pos­al.
Fron­tin added, "Host­ing this com­pe­ti­tion in Trinidad has the abil­i­ty to pos­i­tive­ly im­pact our tourist ar­rivals, in­crease des­ti­na­tion aware­ness and presents an amaz­ing op­por­tu­ni­ty and plat­form to pro­mote culi­nary tourism and dis­play our world-class tal­ent."
Camille Camp­bell, CEO, Tourism Trinidad, pledged her com­pa­ny's sup­port to the team and said, "This is a unique op­por­tu­ni­ty for these stu­dents to show­case their tal­ent on a world stage and demon­strate their dis­ci­pline, com­mit­ment, and culi­nary skills. Tourism Trinidad is proud to sup­port this ini­tia­tive and look for­ward to the coun­try's host­ing of the 2020 com­pe­ti­tion."
A re­lease from Tourism Trinidad stat­ed that over the past eight weeks, the team has been dili­gent­ly prac­tic­ing their craft and host­ing 'sold out' Mon­day night din­ners at the Res­i­dence, One Wood­brook Place, where they have been fine-tun­ing their skills in prepa­ra­tion for the com­pe­ti­tion.
"We have the fullest con­fi­dence in the team's abil­i­ty to make us proud and bring home the gold," added Camp­bell. Source: Guardian, June 2019 

Scores of new squat­ters at Pine Set­tle­ment, San­gre Grande, are now liv­ing on the di­rect path­way of the $400 mil­lion Cu­mu­to/Man­zanil­la High­way project.
Squat­ters have al­so been en­croach­ing on pri­vate lands at Whar­ton Es­tate, Saly­bia and State lands at Galera Road, lead­ing to the To­co Light House, fol­low­ing Gov­ern­ment’s move to build a state-of-the-art To­co Port, which would open up the en­tire north-east­ern re­gion with busi­ness ac­tiv­i­ty and gen­er­ate jobs.
The il­le­gal oc­cu­pan­cies by fresh squat­ters have been giv­ing the chair­man of the San­gre Grande Re­gion­al Cor­po­ra­tion Ter­ry Ron­don no end of wor­ry, as he called on the Gov­ern­ment to do some­thing fast, stat­ing the is­sue of squat­ting was to­tal­ly out of con­trol.
In the Land Set­tle­ment Agency (LSA) 2016/2017 re­port in­to the in­quiry in re­la­tion to squat­ters reg­u­lar­i­sa­tion, it showed that San­gre Grande has be­come the fastest grow­ing squat­ting area in T&T.
Al­so in 2016 the LSA told a Joint Se­lect Com­mit­tee of Par­lia­ment, that there were 55,000 fam­i­lies squat­ting in the coun­try. This amount­ed to over 200,000 peo­ple over­all.
The agency’s re­port es­ti­mat­ed be­tween 7,000 to 10,000 squat­ting fam­i­lies in San­gre Grande alone.
But Ron­don feels that fig­ure may have in­creased with­in re­cent times by an ad­di­tion­al 500 fam­i­lies, stat­ing that there has been an in­va­sion for lands.
“It’s mad­ness up here,” Ron­don said, re­fer­ring to the land en­croach­ment in cer­tain parts of the north­east­ern re­gion.
The LSA is au­tho­rised un­der the State Land Reg­u­lar­i­sa­tion of Tenure Act, No 25 of 1998, to pre­vent and con­tain fur­ther squat­ting on State land and to reg­u­larise el­i­gi­ble ex­ist­ing squat­ters.
A per­son who is el­i­gi­ble for reg­u­lar­i­sa­tion must have oc­cu­pied a dwelling house on the prop­er­ty pri­or to Jan­u­ary 1, 1998.
Some of the ar­eas Ron­don iden­ti­fied as squat­ting dis­tricts are the Va­len­cia Stretch, Aripo Sa­van­na, Bois Bande, KP Lands, Tu­rure and Ve­ga De Oropouche.
Though Pine Set­tle­ment has been re­gard­ed as a squat­ting com­mu­ni­ty over the years, Ron­don said with­in re­cent times new squat­ters have been mov­ing in­to the area af­ter pur­chas­ing one lot of State land be­tween $10,000 to $20,000 from un­scrupu­lous in­di­vid­u­als.
“Not too long ago a la­dy came to me and say she bought land right up there. They are grab­bing land,” Ron­don said.
Two weeks, Ron­don said he vis­it­ed the area in­form­ing the squat­ters that they had built their homes in the di­rect path of the high­way. “I car­ried a map out­lin­ing the high­way’s route and showed them where their homes are block­ing the path­way. If the Gov­ern­ment wants the high­way they will break down their il­le­gal struc­tures. At the end of the day, it’s their labour, mon­ey and time will go down the drain. That is why I took in front and asked them to de­sist from build­ing.”
Ron­don said some of the squat­ters re­spond­ed rude­ly, while oth­ers grum­bled up­on hear­ing the news. “I did what I had to do,” he said.
Asked how many hous­es have been built since Prime Min­is­ter Dr Kei­th Row­ley turned the sod for the 2017 high­way project, Ron­don said quite a lot.
“Some are up. If you go there now they build­ing....and by this evening you would see them move in and cur­tain fly­ing and ra­dio play­ing in their home.”
Along the scenic Saly­bia beach­front, Ron­don said he al­so no­ticed that sev­er­al trees had been re­cent­ly bull­dozed and burnt to make way for new con­crete and wood­en struc­tures on pri­vate land known as Whar­ton Es­tate.
In ad­di­tion to the homes, over 15 busi­ness­es op­er­ate me­tres from the seashore.
Ron­don ad­mit­ted that many years ago he wrote let­ters to T&TEC to help some of the busi­ness own­ers get elec­tric­i­ty con­nec­tion so they could earn an hon­est liv­ing.
Af­ter get­ting elec­tric­i­ty, Ron­don said the own­ers start­ed sub­let­ting to the squat­ters.
“We (cor­po­ra­tion) tried all how to get the land pur­chased from the Whar­ton Es­tate,” Ron­don said. But, he said, no deal was ever bro­kered.
“All that time...it has been a wild, wild, west sit­u­a­tion. Peo­ple are just do­ing what they want. They do­ing every­thing against the law.”
Ron­don said the own­er of the es­tate has since served no­tice to the squat­ters to va­cate his land.
“These squat­ters have been call­ing me to help. But I can­not. The own­er has to get a de­mo­li­tion or­der to get them out. And he has start­ed with his or­der.”
For years, Ron­don said the cor­po­ra­tion has been clean­ing the beach to avoid a health haz­ard.
“Our pub­lic health in­spec­tors have been look­ing at the health as­pect of the beach.”
The news of the es­tab­lish­ment of the To­co Port, Ron­don said has al­so led to a pro­lif­er­a­tion of squat­ters cap­i­tal­is­ing on State and pri­vate lands.
“Peo­ple are rush­ing for land that do not be­long to them hop­ing to ben­e­fit when the port comes on stream. This has to stop.”
On the north­ern and south­ern sides of Galera Road, Guardian Me­dia ob­served that sev­er­al trees had been slashed and burnt as squat­ters make way for new homes. Piles of lum­ber and gal­vanise sheet­ings were al­so ev­i­dent on the State land.
Ron­don said some squat­ters have been mas­querad­ing as farm­ers by cul­ti­vat­ing short-term crops, hop­ing the State would not ze­ro in on them.
“Every day some­body bring­ing in heaps of wood, blocks, grav­el and gal­vanise to build.”
Ron­don said the on­go­ing prob­lem needs to be tack­led in a holis­tic way.
“There is a lot of bu­reau­cra­cy in re­mov­ing a squat­ter. The peo­ple to stop these squat­ters are not around,” Ron­don com­plained.
Be­hind the Brook­lyn Com­mu­ni­ty Cen­tre in San­gre Grande, Venezue­lan mi­grants have al­ready cut down sev­er­al co­conut and wal­nut trees on for­est re­serve lands to build homes.
Care­tak­er of the cen­tre Clin­ton Moses said a vil­lager in the com­mu­ni­ty gave the mi­grants per­mis­sion to utilise the land which be­longs to the cen­tre.
“I had to stop and chase them be­cause what they were do­ing was wrong. The land be­longs to the Gov­ern­ment,” Moses said.
Moses said this was the fourth batch of Venezue­lans who tried to live there.
Min­is­ter of Agri­cul­ture Clarence Ramb­harat, un­der whose purview State lands fall in a What­sApp mes­sage ad­vised Guardian Me­dia to take up the Pine Set­tle­ment squat­ters mat­ter with the Min­istry of Works and Trans­port Ro­han Sinanan, as well as the LSA.
Sinanan, how­ev­er, re­ferred the is­sue to LSA whose CEO Haz­ar Ho­sein could not be reached for com­ment yes­ter­day. Source: Guardian, June 24, 2019

They're small, they're fuzzy, and they're the 'bee's knees' for honey and food production.
But did you know the typical yellow-and-black honey bee isn't originally from Trinidad and Tobago?
Here are eight things to know about bees in Trinidad and Tobago in commemoration of World Bee Day, celebrated on May 20, courtesy pollination ecologist Lena Dempewolf.


1. Some honey bees are 'douglarised' bees
Honey bees used in most commercial hives aren't local but are called 'Africanised' bees. That's because they are a hybrid of European and African honey bees, both of which were imported.
Some beekeepers have jokingly referred to this hybrid as a 'douglarised' bee, in reference to Trinidad and Tobago's diverse ethnic culture. 


2. Some native bees don't have hives, or a queen
Many native bees don't have hives but are solitary bees working alone to pollinate local plants. Solitary bees don't have hives and don't produce honey.
They often make nests in the ground in order to reproduce and are critical for pollination as they are better adapted for pollination of local plants.


3. Not all bees can sting you
There are nine species of ‘stingless’ bees that do have hives and a queen and produce honey.
Stingless bees are used to produce honey for commercial and medicinal purposes and are more effective than imported bees at pollinating local plants. 


4. Trinidad and Tobago's secret to award-winning honey? Diversification
Trinidad and Tobago once won global awards for its honey. However In 2001, the EU enforced the submission of a residue monitoring plan from all third countries (non-EU countries) wishing to export honey into the European Union.
Because of the lack of local testing facilities and costs associated with attaining certification abroad, beekeepers in Trinidad and Tobago have been unable to participate in the NHS and export their honey since 2001.
The wide range of flowering plants is what contributes to the unique taste of Trinidad and Tobago's honey. Destroying local forests would have an effect on the taste of local honey if bees are unable to access the diverse range of plants they did previously. 


5. Pesticides have been found in honey
Studies in Europe have shown that low levels of pesticides have been found in honey, however in Trinidad and Tobago, no studies have been done to confirm this in local honey.
However, pesticides are a continuous problem for imported and native bees, which are vulnerable to these toxins and can even be killed by them. 
Dempewolf says if bees happen to forage on flowers covered in pesticides, it might make its way into honey, however, it's at low enough levels that it's been proven (so far) to be safe for human consumption.
Many beekeepers are careful to keep their hives away from agricultural fields, however, Africanised honey bees may range quite far in order to find nectar and may go into farmlands where pesticides are used. 


6. No bees = no crops
Although honey is important, the most important bees aren’t honey bees but native bees.
Native bees are also more specialised for pollinating local plants.
“It’s like a lock and key, the shape of the bee matches the shape of the flower, so they can properly get in there to deposit the pollen,” Dempewolf said.
By contrast, although prized for honey production, Africanised bees are not as effective in pollinating local crops. Therefore the food we enjoy in local markets depends on the survival of our native bees. 


7. Climate change is affecting local bees
Climate change is affecting food production worldwide, however in Trinidad and Tobago, extreme weather changes can also affect bees' survival.
During extreme dry seasons such as that experienced in 2019, there's the likelihood of more forest fires. 
Africanised bees are more adaptable in that they often move their queen and relocate to a safer spot. Hence the reason one may often see a migrating beehive perched on a branch or other random location.
However native bees are unable to move their hives due to the large size of their queen, and often perish in forest fires. 
Dempewolf says solitary bees are slightly more mobile but they lay their eggs in bits of logs and other plants in the forest, which can also be destroyed by forest fires.
Likewise, during the rainy season, heavier showers can also affect bees and by extension food production.
"Bees generally don’t go out during wet weather…it can also wash the nectar out of flowers, so heavy flooding means less pollination," she said. 
There's also the problem of loss of habitat due to things such as logging, forest fires, housing developments and unsustainable agriculture, where farmers cut down all vegetation, leaving only one crop. 


8. Bee competition
Dempewolf said there is the element of imported bees crowding out native bees amidst competition for space and nectar - imported bees tend to ‘bully’ local bees out of spaces for hives, however, this comes down to proper management.
Imported bees, however, have been a part of the local ecosystem for quite some time and have learned to coexist with native species, however there remains competition for plants and flowers.
Source: The Loop, May 2019